Mining and resources laws in South Africa are frequently evolving and have become complex. The mining sector was once dominated by a handful of private mining companies, however, that has changed in recent years. Private ownership of mineral rights has been converted to state custodianship, there is a new licensing regime and Black Economic Empowerment obligations apply to local and foreign players. In addition, the demand for Africa’s mineral and natural resources is growing, which means there is an increasing need for highly competent and experienced legal counsel.